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The Cold War involved the building of physical and figurative walls. The Soviets built physical walls to keep citizens of communist nations in and democratic influences out. The Berlin Wall is a good example of the walls the Soviets built.

1. Ssush20: The student will analyze the domestic and international impact of the Cold War on the United States. This standard measures your knowledge of the causes and effects of the Cold War.
2. HISTORY Vault: The Cold War. During World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union fought together as allies against the Axis powers, but the relationship was tense. Americans had long been.

The Cold War Victory Medal is both an official medal of the U.S. National Guard and an unofficial military medal of the United States. It is awarded by the U.S. states of Louisiana and Texas, and in ribbon form only by the State of Alaska.^{[citation needed]} In the medal's unofficial capacity it can be purchased, but not worn in uniform. It may be worn by any member of the United States military, or civilian employees of the federal government, who served in their positions honorably during the years of the Cold War, defined as lasting from September 2, 1945 to December 26, 1991.

Background and history[edit]

In accordance with section 1084 of the National Defense Authorization Act^[2] for fiscal year 1998, Congress commended the members of the Armed Forces and civilian personnel who contributed to what the US government sees as their own historic victory in the Cold War, and authorized and instructed the then-Secretary of Defense, William Cohen, to prepare a certificate recognizing the Cold War service of qualifying members of the Armed Forces and civilian personnel of the Department of Defense and other government agencies. The certificate became known as the Cold War Recognition Certificate available by request of the individual by all members of the armed forces and qualified federal government civilian personnel who honorably served the United States anytime during the Cold War, which is defined as September 2, 1945 to December 26, 1991.

In October 2001, Congress passed the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA)^[3] for fiscal year 2002, which is signed into law on December 28, 2001 by President George W. Bush. In the NDAA approved by both houses and signed into law by the president, was a Sense of the Congress resolution that the Secretary of Defense should consider authorizing the issuance of a Campaign medal, to be known as the Cold War Service Medal, to each person who while a member of the Armed Forces served satisfactorily on active duty during the Cold War. The then-Secretary of Defense, Donald Rumsfeld, did not create such a medal.

The official U.S. Navy web page states: 'The Department of Defense will not be creating a Cold War Service medal' and that any commemorative medals made by private vendors are unauthorized on the military uniform.^[4] At present the Cold War Victory Medal remains strictly commemorative and is unofficial other than for members of the Louisiana National Guard (medal and ribbon), Texas National Guard (medal and ribbon) and Alaska National Guard (ribbon only) .

The Cold War Victory Medal is also referred to as the Cold War Commemorative Medal, Cold War Service Medal, or simply as the Cold War Medal. There are no devices or attachments authorized for the Cold War Victory Medal.

Design[edit]

The Cold War Victory Medal was designed by Nadine Russell, the Chief of Creative Heraldry at the Army's Institute of Heraldry and the designer of many campaign and service medals, including the Southwest Asia Service Medal, the Armed Forces Service Medal, and the Military Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal.^[5]

National Guard awards medal[edit]

The National Guard Bureau does not issue nor recognize the Cold War Victory Medal.^{[citation needed]} The medal is worn as a National Guard award and issued by the LouisianaNational Guard. The Adjutant General of the State of Louisiana currently authorizes the decoration as the 'Louisiana Cold War Victory Medal'. Eligible members, including active duty members, of the Louisiana National Guard are authorized to wear the medal in uniform while in the State of Louisiana and not on federal property in that state (e.g., Fort Polk).^{[6][citation needed]}

The Alaska National Guard has authorized the Cold War Victory Ribbon as the Alaska Cold War Service Ribbon, and authorized it for wear on the military uniforms for the Alaska Army National Guard, Alaska Air National Guard, the Alaska Naval Militia, and the Alaska State Defense Force. Wear of the medal form of this award is optional, in that the state does not provide the medal, only the ribbon. Authorized recipients of the ribbon may purchase and wear the medal (full size or miniature) at their own expense, but consistent when wear of medals is directed, such as the Governor's Annual Dinner.

State defense force award[edit]

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Several state defense forces have authorized wear of the award for members who meet the requirements. The Alaska State Defense Force, the New Mexico State Guard, and the Texas State Guard^[7] have authorized the award for wear on their uniforms.

Various commemorative versions of the medal[edit]

The Cold War Victory Medal is also a civilian medal which may be privately purchased but is not distributed by the United States government. As such, the decoration is not presently authorized for wear on active duty military uniforms. However, the medal has been officially adopted by the Military Order of Foreign Wars of the United States and is thus frequently worn by U.S. military retirees, veterans and civilians on public holidays, parades and veterans functions. In this regard, the order of precedence of the Cold War Victory Medal is immediately after the lowest authorized U.S. award.

There are various versions of the medal privately struck by many different vendors. However, the only version which has been officially adopted by the Military Order of Foreign Wars has been the Cold War Victory Medal designed by Nadine Russell of the Institute of Heraldry. It has also been officially adopted by the American Cold War Veterans organization.The Germany Defense Veterans of America has also adopted and authorized this medal to all the members of the Germany Defense Veterans of America as this organization's wear of medals on the GDVA uniform.

Bills introduced in Congress to enact authorization to wear medal[edit]

Over the years bills have been introduced in five separate Congresses for the authorization of a Cold War Victory Medal or Cold War Service Medal. To date bills have successfully passed both houses but get stripped out in committee. All medal bills have been opposed by the U.S. Department of Defense, as it would overlap with service and campaign medals already issued for the Vietnam War and the Korean War, as well as the costs of issuing millions of medals to eligible veterans.^[5] On February 17, 2011, SenatorOlympia Snowe (ME) and on May 24, 2011, RepresentativeSteve Israel (NY-2) reintroduced legislation in the Senate and House, respectively, that the Secretary of Defense concerned may issue a service medal, to be known as the `Cold War Service Medal', to Cold War veterans who meet the criteria.

Bills in the United States Senate[edit]

List of 12 senators who have supported the enactment of the medal[edit]

Bills in the U.S. House of Representatives[edit]

List of 42 representatives plus 1 delegate to congress who have supported the enactment of the medal[edit]

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References[edit]

1. ^'Texas Military Department State Awards'. Texas Military Department.
2. ^Public Law 105–85 Sec. 1084, 111 STAT. 1920, 1998 National Defense Authorization Act November 18, 1997.
3. ^Public Law 107–107 Sec. 556, 115 STAT. 1118, 2002 National Defense Authorization Act December 28, 2001.
4. ^'Cold War Medals'. United States Navy. February 1, 2002. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
5. ^ ^abStanley, Charles (November 11, 2007). 'Victory medal eludes Cold War warriors'. The Times. Archived from the original on January 29, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
6. ^'The State of Louisiana National Guard Cold War Victory Medal'. Cold War Veterans Association. 2007. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
7. ^'Texas Military Department State Awards'. Texas Military Forces. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
8. ^ ^abc'H.R. 3388:Cold War Victory Medal Act'. GovTrack. October 29, 2003. Retrieved March 20, 2008.
9. ^ ^abc'H.R. 2165:To amend title 10, United States Code, to authorize the award of a Cold War service medal to members of the Armed Forces who served honorably during the Cold War era'. GovTrack. June 13, 2001. Retrieved March 20, 2008.

External links[edit]

• McGowan, Marina (July 13, 2005). 'American society is in dire need of a wake-up call'. Globalsecurity.org.

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Definition and Summary of the Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Summary and Definition: The Cold War was a period of 'non-hostile belligerency' primarily between the USA and the USSR. It was a 'war of words' and competition involving the Cold War Space Race and Arms Race involving the nuclear build-up between the USA and its allies in the West and the Communist world dominated by the USSR and China in the East. Main events of the Cold War such as the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Bay of Pigs, the Soviet Invasion of Hungary, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the U2 incident brought brought the world to the brink of a Nuclear War and annihilation.

The Cold War Presidents (1945 - 1991)
Nine US Presidents were in office during the precarious period in history known as the Cold War. The Cold War started in 1945 during the presidency of Harry Truman and the Cold War ended in 1991 with the fall of the Soviet Union during the presidency of George H Bush. The other US Presidents in power during the Cold War were Dwight D Eisenhower, John F Kennedy, Lyndon B Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan.